学习笔记：ClickHouse

数据库

创建数据库

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CREATE DATABASE test

删除数据库

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DROP DATABASE test

数据表

CREATE

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CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test.my_first_table (
    `event_name` String,
    `created_at` DateTime,
    `user_id` UInt32,
    `country` String,
    `login_type` Nullable(Enum('Google' = 1, 'Facebook' = 2, 'Apple' = 3, 'Vistor' = 4)),
    `revenue_usd` Nullable(Float64)
) 
ENGINE = MergeTree
PARTITION BY toYYYYMMDD(created_at)
ORDER BY (created_at, event_name, user_id)
SETTINGS index_granularity = 8192

DROP

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DROP TABLE my_first_table

INSERT

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INSERT INTO my_first_table (*) VALUES ('install', '2024-11-01 13:14:45', 1000034, 'SA', 2, NULL)

ALTER

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-- 新增列
ALTER TABLE my_first_table ADD COLUMN status Nullable(UInt8)
ALTER TABLE my_first_table ADD COLUMN city Nullable(String) AFTER country

-- 修改列类型
ALTER TABLE my_first_table MODIFY COLUMN status Nullable(Enum('离线' = 0, '忙碌' = 1, '空闲' = 2, 'Live' = 3))

-- 修改列取值
ALTER TABLE my_first_table UPDATE login_type = 1 WHERE user_id = 1000034

-- 修改列名称
ALTER TABLE my_first_table RENAME COLUMN country TO country_code

-- 删除列
ALTER TABLE my_first_table DROP COLUMN city

SELECT

查看分区

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SELECT
    *
FROM system.parts
WHERE table = 'my_first_table'
ORDER BY
    partition DESC
LIMIT 3
FORMAT Vertical

查询当前时区

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SELECT timezoneOf(now())

查看 Host

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SELECT version(), hostName(), currentDatabase(), currentUser()

设置查询超时时长

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SELECT COUNT(*) FROM my_first_table SETTINGS max_execution_time=1

检测是否存在某列

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SELECT hasColumnInTable('test', 'my_first_table', 'user_id')

常用函数

语法糖比较多。

字符串函数

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SELECT splitByChar('_', 'abc_def_12_')[3]

日期时间函数

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SELECT
  toDateTime(0),
  toDateTime(NULL),

  toDateTime(1713265060),
  fromUnixTimestamp(1713265060),
  toDateTime(1713265060, 'Asia/Shanghai'),

  toDate(NOW(), 'Asia/Shanghai'),
  toDateTime(NOW(), 'Asia/Shanghai'),
  toHour(toDateTime(NOW(), 'Asia/Shanghai')),
  NOW() + INTERVAL 8 HOUR, -- 另一种转时区的方法

  toUnixTimestamp(toDateTime('2024-10-16 03:17:47'))

其他函数

特点与坑

惊叹的好用

别名既方便，但也容易冲突。

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SELECT
  now() AS x,
  toDate(x)

删除行记录

删除效率非常低，建议仅追加写入。

方法一：DROP PARTITION

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ALTER TABLE my_first_table DROP PARTITION 20240418

方法二：DELETE FROM

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DELETE FROM my_first_table WHERE created_at >= '2024-04-19'